Nuclear Science and Technology as a Part of Ethiopia’s Energy Mix and Sustainable Development Strategies: exploring opportunities and challenges

Girma Kibatu Berihie

doi:10.20372/ejssdastu:v9.i2.2022.471

Girma Kibatu Berihie Bahir Dar University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20372/ejssdastu:v9.i2.2022.471

Keywords: Nuclear Science and Technology, Nuclear Power Program; Nuclear Technology, Nuclear Knowledge Management; Ethiopia

Abstract

Ethiopia is implementing a ten-year perspective plan (TYPP 2021-2030) with multi-layered activities that would enhance the capacity of the nation in science, technology, and innovation and effective application to economic transformation. While the country is endowed with many untapped natural resources and opportunities in using different areas of science and technology for development, its socio-economic development is not satisfactory. The current Ethiopian government as a part of its multi-layered activities in the TYPP has recently decided and launched a nuclear power program (NPP) to use nuclear science and technology applications in its energy mix and sustainable development strategies and is preparing infrastructures for its effective implementation. This paper provides a review of the role of nuclear science and technology in energy production and sustainable development; and analyses the status, challenges, and issues in the Ethiopian national nuclear program. The review sets out to discuss the main issues in a national nuclear program, nuclear energy management, and nuclear knowledge management demands and strategies for its effective application. Knowledgeable commitment to the nuclear science and technology program in developing countries like Ethiopia can boost economic growth.

References

References:

1. United Nations Development Plan (2015) what is the sustainable development plan? https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
2. African Union (2015) Agenda 2063 the Africa we want https://au.int/en/agenda2063/overview
3. FDRE (2021) Ethiopia 2030: The pathway to Prosperity, ten years perspective development plan (2021-2030), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia https://phe-ethiopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/PHEEC-Profile-1.pdf
4. FDRE( 2020) Ministry of Science and Higher education (2020) National Science Policy and strategy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia https://unctad.org/webflyer/science-technology-and-innovation-policy-review-ethiopia
5. FDRE (2021) Ministry of Water Irrigation and Energy, Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=392&menu=35
6. Baker, L.; Shen, W. and Ayele, S. (2021) Governing Procurement of Renewable Electricity -Amid Power Sector Reforms, Energy and Economic Growth Working Paper, Oxford: OPM
7. FDRE (2018) A Proclamation to Provide for the Public–Private Partnership, No. 1076/2018, Addis Ababa, 22 February 2018
8. MoWIE (2019) National Electrification Program 2.0 (NEP) Integrated Planning for Universal Access: Lighting to All, Addis Ababa: Ministry of Water, Irrigation, and Energy
9. Ayele, S.; Shen, W.; Worako, T.K.; Baker, L.H. and Hadush, S. (2021) Renewable Energy Procurement in Ethiopia: Overcoming Obstacles in Procurement from Independent Power Producers, IDS Research Report 87, Brighton: IDS
10. Murogov VM (2019) Critical notes: history, state, problems and prospects of nuclear science and technology. Nuclear Energy and Technology 5(3): 241-248. https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.5.46379
11. World Nuclear Association (2022) online history of nuclear energy (updated November 2020) https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/outline-history-of-nuclear-energy.aspx
12. IAEA (2022) The Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Department of Nuclear Energy. Vienna International Centre PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
https://www.iaea.org/topics/nuclear-fuel-cycle
13. Getaneh Assefa et al. (1991) The mineral resources potential of Ethiopia. Bull. Chem.Soc. Ethiop. 5(2). 111-137
14. Kefeto Endale ( 2005) A Review of Uranium Exploration in Ethiopia, IAEA, International Nuclear information system, Volume 38, issue 34, Vienna International Centre PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:38079714
15. Oluma, B. (2009) Uranium Exploration in Ethiopia, International symposium on uranium raw material for the nuclear fuel cycle: Exploration, mining, production, supply and demand, economics and environmental issues, IAEA, International Nuclear information system, Volume 41, issue 1, Vienna International Centre P. O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:41003241
16. Geological Survey of Ethiopia (2021) Uranium Deposits among minerals new survey discovers https://addisfortune.news/uranium-deposits-among-minerals-new-survey-discovers/
17. US Department of Energy (2019) The ultimate fast facts guide to Nuclear Energy
https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/ultimate-fast-facts-guide-nuclear-energy
18. Y. Fujjie (1995) Nuclear Science and technology in the 21st century. Progress in Nuclear Energy, Vol. 29 (Supplement), pp. 3-9, 1995
19. Alan E. Walter (2003) The Medical Agricultural and industrial applications of Nuclear Technology, Global 2003, New Orleans LA,
20. Dibya Prakash, Nuclear Medicine: A guide for healthcare professionals and patients, Preface 2014, springer; India
21. Patton JA, Townsend DW, Hutton BF,. 2009. Hybrid imaging technology: from dreams and visions to clinical devices , Semin Nucl.Med. 39: 247-263
22. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299809000191?casa_token=Hq5xs9sNZw4AAAAA:i8PawsK3iXTJBKN31XlUe_2fajb28My6zVQa2Kp8vyH5WwXXANGiMMQCOGXlkw-QI1AMMmfX4Jl5
23. Hricak H, Choi Bl, Scott AM, et. al. 2010. Global trends in hybrid imaging, Radiology 257: 498-506
24. https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiol.10100579
25. Dondi, M., Kashyap, R., Paez, D., et. al., 2011. Trends in nuclear medicine in developing countries. Journal of nuclear medicine, 52(supplement 2), pp. 16S-28S
26. Tehreem Mumtaz et. al., Exploiting proteases for cancer theranostic through molecular imaging and drug delivery International Journal of Pharmaceutics Volume 587, 25 September 2020, 119712 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378517320306967
27. IAEA (2022) Non-electric Applications https://www.iaea.org/topics/non-electric-applications#:~:text=Nuclear%20energy%20has%20the%20potential,heating%20and%20various%20industrial%20applications.
28. Marc A. Rosen (2021) Nuclear Energy: Non-electric Applications. European journal of sustainable development research. 5(1), em0147
29. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Milestones in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power, IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NG-G-3.1 (Rev. 1), IAEA, Vienna (2015)
30. https://www.iaea.org/publications/10873/milestones-in-the-development-of-a-national-infrastructure-for-nuclear-power
31. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Knowledge Management for Nuclear Industry Operating Organizations, IAEA TECDOC No. 1510, IAEA, Vienna (2006) https://www.iaea.org/publications/7515/knowledge-management-for-nuclear-industry-operating-organizations
32. The US Academies of Science Engineering and Medicine (2018) The Integration of the Humanities and Arts with Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education: Branches from the Same Tree. Washington. DC file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/Nuclear%20Ethiopia%20References/The%20Ethiopian%20NPP%20Manuscript/STEAMM.pdf
33. Fatmah Al-Moayad , Lamiaa Fiala , Mostafa Kofi (2019) Use of systematic approach to training in radiological safety and nuclear security education. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research Volume 4; Issue 5; September 2019; Page No. 26-29
34. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Systematic Approach to Training for Nuclear Facility Personnel: Processes, Methodology and Practices, IAEA Nuclear Energy Series NG-T-2.8, IAEA, Vienna (2021)
35. https://www.iaea.org/publications/13535/systematic-approach-to-training-for-nuclear-facility-personnel-processes-methodology-and-practices
36. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Nuclear Engineering Education: A Competence-Based Approach to Curricula Development, IAEA Nuclear Energy Series NG-T-6.4, IAEA, Vienna (2014)
37. https://www.iaea.org/publications/10432/nuclear-engineering-education-a-competence-based-approach-to-curricula-development